#Chronic Kidney Disease

Molecular pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder: Focus on the fibroblast growth factor 23–Klotho axis and bone turnover dynamics

Abstract Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by disruptions in mineral metabolism, abnormal bone turnover and vascular calcification, which collectively increase the risk of fractures and cardiovascular disease. This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying CKD-MBD, with a particular focus on the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)–Klotho axis – a key regulator of phosphate balance, vitamin D activation and parathyroid hormone secretion. In CKD, elevated FGF23 levels and reduced Klotho expression contribute to mineral homeostasis disturbances and bone abnormalities. The dysregulation of this pathway plays a central role in CKD-MBD pathophysiology and its associated complications.

Preventing Mass Torture of the Kidney

The KIDNEY is an important organ of the body that performs many vital functions. Failure to treat several diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart problems, obesity, kidney stones, or indiscriminate drug consumption will end up in kidney failure or chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is something scary. Even in developed countries such as the United States, 16 percent of the adult population suffers from the disease, with 52 percent of deaths from cardiovascular disease (Foley RN, 2003). By projecting the prevalence rates in the US, it is estimated that more than 24 million Indonesians currently suffer from CKD, which is divided into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe.

A rare case: Vesicoureteral reflux in Indonesian young adult with neurogenic bladder and chronic kidney disease stage 4

Abstract Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adolescence and young adult. It can be a congenital or an acquired anomaly and its uncommon in adult life.Case presentation: A 19th years old male with neurogenic bladder, VUR grade 4, CKD stage 4, malnutrition, and short stature. Radiological examinations show a spastic neurogenic bladder, cystitis, right VUR grade 4. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) results were bilateral severe hydronephrosis due to post-renal causes. This patient had a history of myelocele excision at the age of 1.5 years. He had recurrent urinary tract infection with CKD stage 4.Discussion: The diagnosis of VUR and neurogenic bladder in CKD stage 4 is a rare case in nephrology.Conclusion: Indonesian male confirms of diagnosis VUR grade 4, neurogenic bladder, and CKD stage 4.Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, Neurogenic bladder, Chronic kidney disease

Controlling Corona Vaccination Effect in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

To build herd immunity against corona or Covid-19, vulnerable groups, both because of age and health conditions, are prioritized in vaccination. People with congenital diseases are given special conditions. In essence, most of them can be vaccinated under certain conditions, including vaccination of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a lot of news, especially on social media, about events related to vaccination. Most of the news is difficult to analyze because the information is incomplete and tends to be bombastic. So, as an effort to anticipate PIFE (post-immunization follow-up events), the side effects of Covid-19 vaccination need to be known, especially regarding CKD. This study needs to be carried out while waiting for comprehensive research on PIFE from various types of Covid-19 vaccines in CKD patients.

Care and Protect from Chronic Kidney Disease

'PeduliLindungi' (Care-Protect) has become two very popular words today because they represent a very effective success in stopping the spread of Covid-19. 'PeduliLindungi' is a government website and application that is very useful in responding to Covid-19 developments, including providing information on Covid-19 vaccinations, latest swab data, and registration of individual vaccinations. These two words mean that we care for each other and protect ourselves, including tracking infected people in the crowd. The hope is that we can be vigilant and protect each other from further exposure to Covid-19. As a matter of fact, the substance of 'care and protect' needs to be developed not only for the Covid-19 disease. The government and all of us need to pay attention to all lines of health towards acute and chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CRD).